中新网评:处理核污水绝不是日本自家私事******
中新网北京1月19日电(蒋鲤)日本政府近日称,将于2023年春夏期间开始向海洋排放经过处理的福岛第一核电站核污水。日本罔顾国内民众及周边国家的屡屡反对,企图将核污水“一倒了之”,把一件关乎全球海洋生态环境和公众健康的事当成了自家私事。
资料图:日本福岛第一核电站。2011年,福岛核电站事故发生后,大量放射性物质泄漏到大气层和太平洋,对周围环境造成了难以逆转的伤害,数十万人被迫撤离该地区。时至今日,作为日本邻国之一的韩国仍未解除福岛海鲜禁令。
日本以核污水存储能力即将达到上限为由,在2021年4月13日,正式决定将福岛第一核电站核污水排入太平洋。过去一年多,日本政府和东京电力公司一直在持续推进核污水排海计划。
日本政府辩称,这些核污水经多核素处理系统(ALPS)处理后很安全,甚至“可以喝”,这样的表态无疑在愚弄大众。
事实上,经过处理的核污水仍含有多种放射性物质,核污水一旦排放入海就无法回收,长期来看,将会给海洋生态带来难以估量的潜在威胁,最终危害人类健康。
因此,核污水排海计划推出后,遭到日本民众强烈反对。日本《朝日新闻》2022年3月公布的问卷调查显示,福岛县、宫城县和岩手县受访的42个市町村长中,约六成反对东京电力公司福岛第一核电站核污水排放入海。日本全国渔业协会联合会也多次申明立场,反对该计划。
日本政府认为,核污水排海是最便宜、最省事的解决方案,但此举却将周边国家乃至全世界置于核污染风险中。太平洋非日本一家之海,核污水会随着洋流流动,其影响势必会跨越国界,危害周边国家乃至整个国际社会的公共福祉和利益。
《韩国经济新闻》发文称,相关研究认为,福岛核污水如果排放入海,约7个月后将到达济州等韩国海域,该国水产业和旅游业将遭受相当大的损失。
德国南极海洋机构也曾发出警告,若日本将所有核污水排入海中,不到半年,整个太平洋都将面临高度辐射威胁,包括远在大洋另一端的美国。太平洋地区人民更是对日本该计划持反对意见。
日本作为《联合国海洋法公约》缔约国,有义务保护海洋环境。然而,在核污水排海方案的正当性、核污水数据的可靠性、净化装置的有效性、环境影响的不确定性等问题上,日本未能作出科学、可信的说明。
国际原子能机构技术工作组虽已三次赴日实地考察评估,但尚未就日排海方案的安全性给出结论,并且对日本提出诸多澄清要求和整改意见。在此情况下,日本仍执意推进核污水排海工程建设,这是极不负责任的行为。
太平洋不是日本的下水道,日本必须正视各方合理关切,在与周边国家等相关利益方和国际原子能机构充分协商后,制定合理的核污水处理方案。日本也要着眼长远,若只顾眼前,执意将核污水排放入海,不仅其自身,周边国家乃至全世界都将为之买单,其后果必将会危害数代人。
Fukushima water disposal by no means Japan’s own business
By John Lee
(ECNS) -- Japan has announced it will release treated wastewater from the wrecked Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant into the Pacific Ocean this year.
Although Fukushima wastewater disposal affects global marine ecological environment protection and public health, Japan has turned a deaf ear to domestic and international opposition to dumping the contaminated water into the sea, treating the "global" matter as its own business.
The Fukushima accident in 2011 had sent large quantities of radiation into the atmosphere and the Pacific Ocean, causing irreversible damage to the surrounding environment, and hundreds of thousands of people were forced to evacuate the area. South Korea still maintains its import ban on Japanese seafood from areas affected by the Fukushima nuclear disaster.
On April 13, 2021, Japan announced it had decided to discharge contaminated radioactive wastewater in Fukushima Prefecture into the sea due to dwindling storage space, with the Japanese government and plant operator Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc. promoting the release plan over the past year.
The Japanese government argues that the water treated by an advanced liquid processing system, or ALPS, is safe and drinkable, which is undoubtedly fooling the public.
In fact, the treated wastewater still includes a variety of radioactive substances and can’t be recycled once discharged into the sea, which will pose a great threat to marine ecology and ultimately endanger human health in the long run.
Therefore, the discharge plan has been strongly opposed in Japan. According to a questionnaire conducted by The Asahi Shimbun, nearly 60 percent of mayors of 42 municipalities in Iwate, Miyagi and Fukushima prefectures oppose the discharge plan. The National Fisheries Cooperative Federation of Japan has also repeatedly stated its opposition in public.
The Japanese government believes that dumping Fukushima wastewater into the sea is the cheapest and most convenient solution, but neighboring countries and even the whole world will be at risk of nuclear pollution.
The Pacific Ocean doesn’t belong to Japan and the wastewater flow along oceanic currents will surely break boundaries and endanger public welfare and the interests of neighboring countries and even the international community.
The Korea Economic Daily reported that related research concluded that if contaminated water from Fukushima is released into the ocean, it would only take seven months for the contaminated water to reach the shores of Jeju Island, with the country's aquaculture and tourism suffering considerable losses.
According to the calculation of a German marine scientific research institute, radioactive materials will spread to most of the Pacific Ocean within half a year from the date of discharge, and the U.S. and Canada will be affected by nuclear pollution. People in the Pacific region also oppose the discharge plan.
As a participant of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, Japan has the obligation of protecting the marine environment.
However, it hasn’t offered a full and convincing explanation on issues like the legitimacy of the discharge plan, the reliability of data on the nuclear-contaminated water, the efficacy of the treatment system or the uncertainty of environmental impact.
Though the IAEA has yet to complete a comprehensive review after three investigations in Japan, the Japanese side has been pushing through the approval process for its discharge plan and even started building facilities for the discharge. It is rather irresponsible for Japan to act against public opinion at home and concerns abroad.
The Pacific Ocean is not a private Japanese sewer. The country must seriously heed the voices of the international community and make a reasonable plan for the Fukushima wastewater disposal after full consultation with stakeholders and international agencies.
If it only seeks instant interest and insists on discharging the contaminated water into the sea, not only itself, but also its neighboring countries and the entire world will pay for the decision and several generations will be forced to bear the consequence.
中国茶成功申遗 喝茶的好处,你了解多少?****** 日前 “中国传统制茶技艺及其相关习俗”项目 正式列入 联合国教科文组织 人类非物质文化遗产代表作名录 作为最早发现和利用茶树的国家,从唐代茶圣陆羽撰《茶经》始,至清末程雨亭的《整饬皖茶文牍》止,我国古代诞生茶书超百种,种植、采收、烘焙、烹制、品鉴无所不研,形成了绵延千年、厚重博大的茶文化。 18世纪末,中国茶树在印度、斯里兰卡等地种植成功,迄今为止,全球种茶国家已达60多个,170多个国家和地区的20多亿人钟情于饮茶。中国茶,万里飘香。 位于云南省普洱市思茅区南屏镇整碗村的有机茶叶基地 无人机照片,5月13日 新华社记者江文耀 摄 茶叶的分类及功效 根据茶叶的制法以及品质特征可以将茶叶分为绿茶、红茶、白茶、黑茶、青茶、黄茶。 绿茶是未经发酵的茶(发酵度为零),保留了鲜叶的天然物质,性寒凉,有清热、利尿的作用。绿茶中含有的茶多酚、儿茶素、叶绿素、咖啡碱、氨基酸、维生素等营养成分也较多。绿茶中的这些天然营养成分对防衰老、防癌、抗癌、杀菌、消炎等具有特殊效果,是其他茶类所不及的。常喝绿茶可抗辐射,美白,保持肌肤细嫩,有助于醒脑提神。 红茶是以茶青为原料经萎凋、揉捻、发酵、干燥等工序加工而成,属前发酵的全发酵茶。红茶性温,擅温中驱寒,非常暖胃,可以帮助体质寒凉的人来驱除寒气。此外,红茶中富含的黄酮类化合物能消除自由基,具有抗酸化作用,降低心梗的发病率。 白茶是从茶树摘取一芽一叶、大小均匀、芽叶成朵的鲜叶为原料,经萎凋、干燥工序加工而成,属轻微前发酵茶。白茶抗氧成分含量比绿茶高出3倍之多,能更有效中和游离基,至今仍被认为是自然界最强的抗氧化植物。白茶中含有较多茶氨酸、黄酮类物质,同时自由基含量低,是抗衰人士的首选。 黑茶一般是采摘一芽五、六叶较粗老的茶鲜叶为原料,经杀青、揉捻、渥堆发酵、干燥等主要工艺流程制作而成,属后发酵的全发酵茶。黑茶中最主要的是维生素和矿物质,另外还有磷脂、氨基酸、糖类等物质。这些对于帮助人体消化、调节脂肪代谢是非常有效果的。另外,黑茶还能改善肠道微生物环境,具有顺肠胃的功能。 黄茶是以茶青为原料经过杀青、揉捻、焖黄、干燥等工序加工而成,是轻发酵茶。由于黄茶在焖黄工艺中,产生了大量的消化酶,尤其对脾胃最有好处,因此是脾胃虚弱人士的最佳选择。黄茶中富含茶多酚、氨基酸、可溶糖、维生素等丰富营养物质,对防治食道癌也有明显功效。 青茶又称乌龙茶,是以茶青为原料经萎凋、做青、杀青、揉捻、干燥等工序加工而成,介于不发酵的绿茶和全发酵的红茶之间, 属前发酵的半发酵茶。青茶最突出的功效就是分解脂肪,因为茶中的主成分--单宁酸,证实与脂肪的代谢有密切的关系,而且实验结果也证实,青茶的确可以降低血液中的胆固醇含量,实在是不可多得的减肥茶。 适当喝茶,益处多多 喝茶有助于抗氧化。茶叶中的茶多酚有强大的抗氧化作用,是人体多余自由基的清除剂。研究表明,1毫克茶多酚清除人体有害的自由基效能,相当于9微克的超氧化物歧化酶,也就是SOD;而且,茶多酚抗氧化作用比维生素E强18倍。 喝茶可以提神醒脑,利尿解乏。茶叶中的咖啡因对人体有多方面的积极作用,它能增强大脑皮质的兴奋过程,使人精神振奋,增加思维和记忆能力。喝茶还会刺激肾脏,让尿液迅速排出体外,提高肾脏的滤出率,减少有害物质在肾脏的停留时间。 图源:摄图网 喝茶有助于降脂、消化和减肥。通俗地说,喝茶就是能“刮油”。茶叶中的咖啡因、维生素B1、维生素C都能提高胃液的分泌量,帮助消化。茶中含有的芳香族化合物也可以溶解脂肪,防止脂肪在体内积滞。 喝茶有助于预防和治疗辐射伤害。茶多酚及其氧化产物具有吸收放射性物质的能力。临床研究证实,对肿瘤患者在放射治疗的过程中引起的轻度放射病,茶叶提取物治疗的有效率在90%以上;对血细胞减少症,茶叶提取物治疗有效率达81.7%。 健康饮茶需要注意什么? 虽然喝茶的好处有很多,但并不是喝得越多越好,不当的喝茶方式还有可能会伤身,应该尽量避免。 尽量不要空腹喝浓茶。空腹饮浓茶时会抑制胃液分泌,妨碍消化,甚至引起心悸、头痛、胃部不适等“茶醉”现象。 不要喝太烫的茶。茶不能在过烫时饮用,否则可能烫伤口腔和食道黏膜,造成溃疡,增加食管癌、胃癌风险。 尽量避免在睡前和饮酒后喝茶。茶会使精神兴奋,可能影响睡眠。茶还有利尿作用,睡前饮茶容易夜间尿频,影响睡眠质量。茶叶有兴奋神经中枢和利尿作用,醉酒后喝浓茶会加重心脏和肾脏负担。 不要一把茶叶泡一天。茶叶冲泡时间过长,茶香和口感都打折扣,其中的营养成分也会丢失。搁置时间太久,还容易被污染,产生较多微生物。 来源:经济日报、新华社、北京健康教育、中国茶叶学会、生命时报、健康时报 整理:刘雪洁 中国网客户端 国家重点新闻网站,9语种权威发布 |